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HISTORY · TELEVISION

Television cameras

From a tube that looked at a lit studio to a camcorder on a reporter's shoulder: how TV pictures were made.

Tubes

1923–1950s

  1. 1923Zworykin files a television patent
  2. 1933The iconoscope, first practical camera tube, shown in June
  3. 1946RCA TK-10: an image orthicon tube and a four-lens turret
  4. 1950The vidicon tube: smaller cameras
  5. 1950sRCA TK-40/41: colour, three pickup tubes, much heavier

Tape

1956–1970s

  1. 1956Ampex 2-inch quadruplex videotape
  2. 1967Portapak: video one person can carry
  3. 1971U-Matic, the ¾-inch cassette
  4. 1970sElectronic news gathering: video cameras instead of film for news

Camcorder

1980s–

  1. 1980sCCD sensors replace pickup tubes
  2. 1982Sony Betacam: camera and recorder in one
  3. late 1980sBetacam SP replaces film for single-camera documentary

THE STORY

Why the networks wanted tape

Before 1956 the only way to record television was film. Ampex's videotape let networks replay a show hours later for the western time zones.

THE STORY

News before video

Before the Portapak, remote news was shot on 16 mm film and turned into video with a telecine.

THE STORY

The first Portapak

Sony's DV-2400 Video Rover: a black-and-white camera and a separate half-inch recorder.